contemporary times of UK

contemporary times
Coalbrookdale by Night by Philip James de Loutherbourg , 1801. Atmosphere night at Coalbrookdale during the Industrial Revolution .

Kingdom of Great Britain under the newly formed , the role of the Royal Society was combined with the ongoing era of Enlightenment in England and Scotland produce innovation in the rapidly growing field of science and technology . These developments paved the way for the formation of the next British Empire . While in the country , it triggers the emergence of the Industrial Revolution , which is a period of great change in the socio-economic and cultural fields in the UK , producing agricultural systems , manufacturing , engineering , and mining industrialized and pioneered the development of new roads and rail networks to facilitate this revolution . [ 70 ] The opening of the Bridgewater canal in northern England in 1761 to conduct English Britania.Pada canal era in 1825 , the steam locomotive passenger train first permanent , Stockton and Darlington Railway , opened to the public .

During the Industrial Revolution , many rural residents in the UK who moved to urban areas to work in factories such as London , Manchester , and Birmingham . These cities subsequently dubbed " Warehouse City " and " Workshop of the World" . UK government managed to maintain stability when the French Revolution broke out . William Pitt became Prime Minister of Great Britain at the age of 24 years when the administration of George III . When the Napoleonic Wars , Napoleon Bonaparte planned to invade England from the southeast . However, this plan failed . British troops under the command of Horatio Nelson defeated Napoleon's army in the sea . While on land Napoleon's army was defeated under the leadership of Arthur Wellesley . The Napoleonic Wars fosters the concept of " Britishness " and national identity " British " , along with the people of Scotland and Wales . [ 75 ]
A Cuboid granite cenotaph .
The Cenotaph , Whitehall , the memorial to commemorate Britain 's Army who died in World War .

London became the largest and most populous metropolitan area in the world during the Victorian era , and also the city 's most prestigious trade in the British Empire . [ 76 ] domestic political upheaval led to movements such as Chartism and the Suffragettes led to legislative reforms and the introduction of universal suffrage . [ 77 ] Friction power in central and eastern Europe led to the outbreak of World War I. Hundreds of thousands of British soldiers died fighting for the United Kingdom as part of the Allied Bloc . [ note 5 ] Two decades later , in World War II , Britain once again become part of Block Allies . At the end of the Phoney War , Winston Churchill became Prime Minister . The development of the technology of war caused a lot of cities were destroyed in an air strike in the event of the Blitz . After the war , the British Empire decolonization policies apply to countries colonies . The war also led to the rapid development of technology ; automobiles became the primary means of transport and the jet engine by Frank Whittle developed led to the innovation of air travel became more widespread . [ 79 ] national companies in the UK nationalized , and the National Health Service ( NHS ) was established in 1948 . providing UK NHS healthcare services funded by the UK government to all citizens free of charge as needed , but still paid through general taxation . In the area of ​​governance , local governance reforms carried out in the mid 20th century .
Since the 20th century , migration occurs on a large scale to England , mostly from other parts of the British Isles , but also from the Commonwealth countries , mainly from South Asia . [ 82 ] Since 1970 have also been changes substantial growth in the manufacturing sector and the industrial sector jasa.Sebagai part of the United Kingdom , the UK joined the European Economic Community organizations , which subsequently became the European Union . At the end of the 20th century , local government in the United Kingdom with a given change in the devolution of Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . However , the UK remains a part of the jurisdiction of the United Raya.Devolusi or delegation of this power to encourage the formation of identity " English " and a stronger sense of patriotism . [ 86 ] [ 87 ] As a result , no devolution given to Britain , an attempt to create a system similar in terms of local government also rejected in a referendum