prehistory of england

prehistory
Preliminary evidence relating to human presence in the area now known as England was inhabited by Homo antecessor estimated around 780,000 years ago . The oldest proto - human skeleton discovered in the UK and probably derived from 500,000 years ago . Modern humans are known to have inhabited the territory of England in Upper Paleolithic period , though permanent settlements recently formed in the last 6000 years .  After the end of the glacial period , only large mammals such as mammoths , bison and ancient rhinoceros inhabiting this region . Roughly 11,000 years ago , when the ice sheets began to recede , humans again inhabit England . Genetic research suggests that they came from the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula .  When the sea level was lower than today's , Island of Britain united with the island of Ireland and Eurasia .  However, when the sea level rose , the British separated from Ireland 10,000 years ago , and then also separated from Eurasia two millennia later .

Britain entered the Beaker culture circa 2500 BC . Culture is introducing food and beverage utensils made ​​of clay and copper .  This period is also the period of construction of Neolithic monuments such as Stonehenge and Avebury . With heating techniques availability tin and copper are abundant in the area , the Beaker people began making bronze , and then producing iron from iron ore . The development of iron smelting techniques led to the manufacture of machinery plow , and ultimately produce more advanced farming and the production of more effective weapons .

According to historian John T. Koch and others , England in the period of the Late Bronze Age was part of a maritime trading network culture called the Atlantic Bronze Age that covers the entire British Isles and most of the areas currently known as France and Iberia . Celtic languages ​​are also growing in these areas .
Painting of woman , with outstretched arm , in white dress with red cloak and helmet , with other human figures to her right and below her to the left .
Boudica led a revolt against the Roman Empire .

During the period of the Iron Age , Celtic culture , which is derived from the culture Hallstatt and La Tene cultures , arrived from Central Europe . Britonik is the spoken language used at that time . Settled in tribal society . According to Ptolemy 's Geographia in the manuscript , there are approximately 20 different tribes who settled in the region . However , the tribes that formed before it is unknown because these people Britonik illiterate . As with other areas that are at the limit of the Empire, Britain had long established trade relations with the Romans . Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic attempted to invade Britain Island twice in 55 BC , but was largely unsuccessful . Caesar eventually succeeded in establishing a client kingdom in the Trinovantes .

Romans invaded Britain in AD 43 during the reign of Emperor Claudius , and the area was subsequently incorporated into the Roman Empire under the name of the British Province . local tribes who tried to resist them are tribal Catuvellauni led by Caratacus . Later , an uprising led by Boudica , Queen of the Iceni , ended with Boudica suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Watling Street .  During this period , there was a dominance of Greco-Roman culture with the introduction of Roman law , Roman architecture , sewage systems , agricultural tools , and silk .   in the 3rd century , Emperor Septimius Severus died at Eboracum , and then proclaimed Constantine his empire over the British territory .

There is debate about when Christianity was first introduced , estimated time no later than the 4th century , but there is also a suggestion that Christianity has entered into early Britain . According to Bede , missionaries were sent from Rome by Pope Eleutherius at the request of the king Lucius of Britain in 180 . In 410 , the Roman rule in Britain began to decline , the Roman army in Britain pulled back to defend the border in continental Europe and take part as well as in civil war